This one particular doctrine of the LDS Church has been weighing heavily on my heart since my last encounter with a pair of Mormon missionaries. Sweet young men, as always, and I certainly appreciated their dedication, but they left this particular (likely difficult) question that I had asked hanging and moved on to the subject of how to know whether or not the Book of Mormon is a true book. Perhaps due to my stubborn nature (God is still working on me!) or perhaps because for many Mormons this is a "shelf question*," I feel the need to pursue it further. (*I see a "shelf question" as one that is frequently thought about, but rarely addressed or outwardly stated because of a belief that someday, somehow, God will provide the answers. But for right now, they think to themselves, "maybe I'm not 'worthy' enough to receive answers right now on this topic." I say, according to Matthew 7:7, "Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.")
According to the LDS Scripture, Doctrine and Covenants, chapter 130 verse 22,
"The Father has a body of flesh and bones as tangible as man's; the Son also; but the Holy Ghost has not a body of flesh and bones, but is a personage of Spirit. Were it not so, the Holy Ghost could not dwell in us."
I'm not even going to touch on the subject of Jesus Christ having a body. That goes without saying. In fact, many religions (i.e. Islam) and non-religious historians do not doubt the humanness of Jesus, rather the divine nature of Jesus. My primary focus will be on the first portion of that verse, and I will touch on the last part of that verse. I think you will likely find it interesting, perhaps even challenging.
According to those two kind missionaries, Genesis 1:26-27 clearly states that God must have a body like we have, because we are created in His image. Here is the complete verse:
"And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them."
I'll be fair, given this one single verse in the beginning of a lengthy book, one could perhaps fairly draw the conclusion that if I have a body and I'm created like God, then God must have a body, too. I don't disagree that we are fearfully and wonderfully made (Psalm 139:14), and God has graciously given us characteristics that He possesses in entirety, such as creativity, desire for relationship, and free will. So, what's the problem if the logic seems to apply?
When pulling meaning (or in this case, entire doctrine) from the Bible, you MUST look at Biblical scripture on the whole! You could even justify murder, genocide, or hate Biblically if you only picked out one verse and built your belief system around it, and historically, people have. It is an extremely dangerous and misleading practice. Consequently, there are relatively vague verses in the Bible that are not further clarified in other portions of the book, and those are the issues I think are fair to put on a shelf-- let God be God, I say. His ways are mysterious, and we would be foolish if we sought to know it all. But, this is NOT one of those issues. There are verses that negate the idea that God has a fleshly body, and they don't contradict this verse but rather bring it to light. I would like to address those enlightening verses with you here.
Firstly, "image" and "likeness" are vague words when you think about it. Genesis 1:26-27 does not say "let us make man to have a body, as we have a body." Rather, it says "make man in our image, after our likeness." My image in a mirror certainly resembles me accurately (although sometimes I wish it wouldn't do quite so good of a job!), but it would be ridiculous to say that the person I'm looking at that is reflected back at me also must have a body of flesh and blood because it is most certainly my image. Likeness is the same. Ask any artist, particularly a caricature artist, whether the work they do is re-creating exact and precise reality, and they would most certainly answer "no." They are free to take artistic liberties, and enlarge Bill Clinton's nose, for example, if they see fit. Nevertheless, when posted in the Washington Post, that caricature would undeniably be a likeness of Bill Clinton, and people would find it humorous. Just because I'm created in God's image does not mean I am an exact representation of Him in any respect, from nature to physical construction to action. The Bible does tell me my identity, thanks be to God: I am set apart (Psalm 4:3), a child of God (John 1:12), a branch (think outcropping) of the true vine (John 15:1 & 5), a friend of Jesus (John 15:15), justified and redeemed (Romans 3:24), a temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19), a new creation in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17), been made alive in Christ (Ephesians 2:4-5), chosen by God, holy and beloved (Colossians 3:12), loved by God (1 Thessalonians 1:4), and made complete in Christ (Colossians 2:10). I have an identity because of who God is-- a loving creator who desires a relationship with me. He created me to have an identity that is completed in Him, not because of who I am but because of who He is within me. Now, on to those clarifying verses.
John 4:24 is not a vague verse. It says, "God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth." (Just a side note, notice how each member of the triune God are present in this verse, and ALL are worthy of being worshipped. God (the Father) is a Spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit (i.e. Holy Spirit) and in truth (i.e. Jesus, who says in John 14:6 "I am the way, the truth, and the life.") Pretty neat!) Like I said, John 4:24 is not a vague verse. It says in a very straightforward manner that GOD IS A SPIRIT. That is not exactly up for interpretation like the Genesis verse. This is about the point in the conversation where I lost the missionaries and it was on to the next topic. I said something to the effect of, "if you are going to pull doctrine from the first verse in Genesis, then you have to deal with this verse in John." I've heard it argued that there are no definite articles in the Greek language, so this verse should really read "God is Spirit" rather than "God is a Spirit," and that if we read it that way, spirit becomes only one of God's attributes rather than a statement of his physical construction. Even if there are no definite articles (a, an, etc.) in the Greek language, which would make this verse read "God is Spirit," I don't think that diminishes the directness of this verse. Besides, if that logic does apply, does that mean that God the Father can be both spirit and flesh?
That brings me to the second verse. In Luke chapter 24, Jesus appears to his followers after rising from the dead, and understandably, they are startled and a little frightened.
"And he said unto them, Why are ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts? Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have." (verses 38-39)
Following the previous argument, let's remove the definite article from the last portion of this passage as well, and have it read, "spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have." If you possess the physical nature that would define you as "spirit", you cannot possess the physical traits of flesh and blood. Jesus tells us it is so.
Furthermore, having a body is an extremely desired attribute in the LDS faith. Having a body (which of course to them means being like Heavenly Father and Jesus) is part of God's plan of salvation, or plan of happiness. Without a body, we have no hope of exaltation (eternal life) according to LDS doctrine. In the course of my conversation with the two missionaries, one emphatically questioned, "don't you think it would be better for God if he did have a body?" And I emphatically answered, "absolutely not!" Let me elaborate:
The God I know, love, serve, and obey is omnipresent, meaning can be all places at once. His presence fills heaven and earth, according to Jeremiah 23:24, and no one can hide where God cannot see him (see also Psalm 139:7). He is not limited by physical constraints, particularly not of bodily ones. If you read the book of Revelation, you cannot come away without a sense of awe for God's infinite glory and marvelous nature. Could the triune God, if desired, form a part of himself into human likeness? Absolutely. He can, and he has, in the person of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is "the image of the invisible God," (Colossians 1:15), and "was made flesh and dwelt among us," (John 1:14). 1 Timothy 3:16 says, "And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory." Philippians 2:6-8 says of Jesus, "being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross." Additionally Job 25 verses 4-6 says, "How then can man be justified with God? or how can he be clean that is born of a woman? Behold even to the moon, and it shineth not; yea, the stars are not pure in his sight. How much less man, that is a worm? and the son of man, which is a worm?" The Bible seems clear that having flesh and blood is not exactly desirable; we are described as servants, having no reputation, unclean, a worm. Despite all that, God chose to manifest himself in the flesh, made himself of no reputation, taking on the nature of a servant, even to the point of death on a cross. Desirable? Not exactly. But does that make you want to worship God and give him all the glory even more, that he would do something so beneath his status and nature, all because of the height and breadth and depth of his love for us? It certainly does for me. I choose to glorify the greatness of the creator rather than the marvelousness of the creation.
The last part of the LDS doctrine I quoted, out of Doctrine and Covenants chapter 130 verse 22 I want to quote again here:
"[T]he Holy Ghost has not a body of flesh and bones, but is a personage of Spirit. Were it not so, the Holy Ghost could not dwell in us."
This doctrine upsets me. I can just picture God shaking his head in disappointment, thinking to himself, "I gave them my very own word, and they proclaim to know me, yet they willingly limit my capabilities. Do they not know who I am, and what I am capable of? I am the God who created heaven and earth, who formed them purposefully in their mother's womb, who numbers their days on earth and knows the number of hairs on their heads. Why would they think that in order to dwell in them, I have to be physically organized as spirit? Why do they believe that in order to understand them, I need to have a human experience? I created their human experience!" The Bible says that the Holy Spirit indwells those who believe in Jesus, according to Galatians 4:6 and Romans 8:9-16, to name a few. The thing that might pose more of a challenge to the above viewpoint is the Biblical view that both the Father and Jesus also dwell in those who choose to believe.
John 14:23, "Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will keep my words: and my father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our abode with him."
Ephesians 4:4-6, "There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling; One Lord, one faith, one baptism, One God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all."
Galatians 2:20, "I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; not yet I, but Christ liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me."
In other words, the LDS Church continually limits God's capabilities based on the framework of the human experience. "It doesn't make physical sense for an entity with a human body to be able to live inside of another human body, so the only way to be indwelled is if the entity is a spirit." Or, "I have a body of flesh and blood and I'm created like Heavenly Father, so Heavenly Father must have a body of flesh and blood also." I believe in the opposite approach. Instead of being completely consumed by my own greatness because of this glorious body I've been given, I start from a place of humility. Even in this pathetic state of human weakness, where I am continually confronted by my sinful nature, ever-aware of my frailty, God chose me. Through faith in Christ's sacrifice on the cross as a sufficient payment for every one of my sins, I have been redeemed, made a new creation in Him, and even have an eternal inheritance awaiting me. Praise God! He alone is good, and his mercy endures forever. What an awesome God! If he can change my life, I do not doubt His capabilities. To Him be the glory, and the honor, and the power forever and ever.